Reasons for Globalization

Most companies move their business operations to foreign countries by going global. They take their business overseas for different reasons. These companies adopt the reactive or defensive approach to stay ahead of the competition. A few of them take the proactive or aggressive approach to accomplish the same purpose. A majority of them choose to adopt both approaches to avoid a decrease in their competition. In order to remain competitive, companies move as quickly as possible to secure a strong position in some of the key world or emerging markets with products customized for the need of the people in such areas in which they plan to establish. Most of these world markets are attracting companies with new capital investments with very good incentives. Some of the reactive or defensive reasons for going global are:

(1) Trade Barriers

(2) Customer Demands

Reasons for Globalization

(3) Globalization of Competitors

(4) Regulations and Restrictions

In the case of trade barriers, companies move from exporting their products to manufacturing them overseas in order to avoid the burden of tariffs, quotas, the policy of buy-local and other restrictions that make export too expensive to foreign markets. Companies respond to customer demands for effective operations and product assurance and reliability, or/and logistical problem solutions. Most foreign customers, who seek accessibility to suppliers may request that supply stay local in order to enhance the flow of production. Companies usually follow that request to avoid losing the business. For the globalization of competitors, companies are aware that if they leave companies overseas too long without challenge or competition, their investments or foreign operations in the world market may be so solid that competition will be difficult. Therefore, they try to act quickly. Most companies' home government may have regulations and restrictions that are so inconvenient and expensive, thus limiting the expansion, encroaching in the companies' profits, and making their costs uncontrollable. Hence the reason for the companies moving to different market environment with few foreign restrictive operations. The proactive or aggressive reasons for going global are:

(a) Growth opportunities

(b) Economies of Scale

(c) Incentives

(d) Resource assess and Cost Savings

Many companies will prefer to invest their excess profits in order to expand, but sometimes they are limited because of the maturity of the markets in their area. Therefore, they seek the overseas new markets to provide such growth opportunities. So, these companies, in addition to investing their excess profits, also try to maximize efficiency by employing their underutilized resources in human and capital assets such as management, machinery, and technology. Companies seek economies of scale in order to achieve a higher level of output spread over large fixed costs to lower the per-unit cost. They also, want to maximize the use of their manufacturing equipment and spread the high costs of research and development over the product life cycle. Some of the developing countries that need improvement and development through capital infusion, skills, and technology voluntarily provide incentives such as fixed assets, tax exemptions, subsidies, tax holidays, human capital, and low wages. These incentives seem attractive to these companies due to their increase in profits and reduction of risks. Caution: The repatriation of profits and foreign exchange risks due to instability in leadership of these developing countries should be put into consideration in negotiation. Access to raw materials and low operational costs in financing, transportation, low wages, lower unit costs, and power are attractive in terms of resource access and cost savings. Most companies move their headquarters to overseas to avoid their respective home countries' high taxes and other costs associated in business operation in those countries.

Companies need to develop strategies, design and operate systems, and also work with people, different companies, and countries around the world in the form of strategic alliance to ensure sustained competitive advantage. Global management and management functions are usually formed by the prevailing conditions and ongoing stable and unstable developments in the world. A few countries take advantage of these companies, but when companies become aware that they are being used, they should then learn how they can be useful in that different cultural environment in order to make a lot of profits.

Reasons for Globalization
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

Dr. Sidney Okolo is a professor, consultant, strategist, and Africa expert. He is affiliated to several universities, the Managing Director of International Business Associates, a management consulting firm, and also the President of Virtual Classrooms Institute, an online education solution.

Among other things, he engages in all aspects of learning, knowledge, organization and human change. His focus is on leadership, management, entrepreneurship, profit engineering, human potential, excellence, achievement, business strategy, research and development. Product management, change management, conflict management, athlete management, marketing, business development and operations. He works with clients to adapt to change due to change in factors of production, technology, goods and services. He engages clients in training, retraining, development, skills enhancement, association, behavior modification, ways of thinking, and attitude adjustment. In addition to his work in the United States, his focus is also on developing countries in the continent of Africa, their leadership, culture, economic and market structure, community planning and development, and his coined the phrase; "AFRICAN PIES", which stands for: poverty, instability, ethnicity, and sectarianism in Africa.

http://www.iba-pec.com

watch cell phone Cheap Maxell Cleaning Tape Sdlt 1 S4 Cheap Dispenser Kit For Liquid Detergent

Four Major Forces Creating Change in Organizations Today - Skills That Leaders Need

Globalization, technological changes, knowledge management and cross boundaries collaboration are four factors that are major forces creating change in organizations today.

These changes affect decision-making as organizations are forced to recognize that they need leaders who are innovative, creative visionaries who understand the various environments that their organizations are operating in, and are able to differentiate between these different environments.

These environments include: the external or operating environment; the competitive environment (that part of the external environment in which firms that are competing for the same market exist) and the macroenvironment in which influences such as the economy, government regulations, societal values, demographics and technology come to bear upon an organization.

Four Major Forces Creating Change in Organizations Today - Skills That Leaders Need

Faced with such complexities leaders need to be equipped with appropriate skill-sets such as flexibility, good communication, and critical thinking and negotiation abilities. They must also be supported with the necessary resources in order to make good decisions that will benefit their organizations.

Globalization

A convergence of international activities such as the increase in overseas production of goods and services; increasing consumer demands in emerging markets worldwide; declining barriers to international trade aided by rapidly changing technology, have created a globalized economy in which inter-dependency among countries has emerged as the norm today. Therefore the hiring practices of companies who are seeking the best talent have changed because the best talent might no longer be resident in the home country.

Companies have had to calibrate their hiring, training and management practices to meet this challenge. In a world where "Americans too often come across as intrusive, manipulative, and garrulous" (David, 2007, p.291), US organizations have to be respectful of the culture, customs, political, and legal differences of the countries that they are operating in.

Some of these customs affect protocol such as the exchange of gifts, the observance of holidays, and labor laws. Even accounting standards vary internationally. Therefore organizations must be sensitive to these differences when formulating operational and human resource (HR) policies for implementation abroad for, in this global environment, it is hardly likely that companies can apply the domestic policies that work at home, abroad.

Technological Change:

Technology is like a two-edged sword that can make our lives easier or worse. The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted. Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge.

While technology has enabled firms to save time and money by conducting business such as negotiations, trade, and commerce in real time, it can also facilitate the dissemination of sensitive information about a company's practices, trade secrets and new product development in a matter of seconds.

Hackers can breach a company's security via the internet and put companies at risk. Organizations have responded by having whole new types of departments such as Information Technology (IT) departments, headed by managers with titles such as Chief Information Officer (CIO), to manage both the opportunities and the risks associated with technological changes.

Additionally, technology has ushered in an array of high-tech devices that aid and facilitates companies in gathering and managing information, maintaining contact with their employees globally, making and communicating decisions instantaneously. This can be both a boon and a source of stress for managers and leaders who must learn to manage their choice and use of these devices. In a global economy technology can aid in knowledge management

Knowledge Management

Driving forces such as shifts in buyer demographics and preferences; technology, product and market innovation; changes in society, consumer attitudes and lifestyle all demand new ideas. This has created a need for knowledge workers.

Knowledge workers comprise a company's intellectual capital and are made up of creative people with novel ideas and problem-solving skills. Managing its knowledge assets can give a company a competitive edge as it effectively utilizes the expertise, skills, intellect, and relationships of members of the organization.

For example, a company's strategic management efforts can be greatly enhanced when knowledge that is resident in its international talent pool is tapped at its source, since a manager who is "closer to the ground" and part of the local culture might be better able to sense environmental changes than one who is not.

Keeping knowledge workers motivated and incentivized by both intrinsic and extrinsic means will cause organizations to re-think and change their benefits and compensation methods and, perhaps, even redefine the traditional view of the employer-employee relationship into something new, such as a company-contractor model, for example.

Cross-boundaries Collaboration

An important part of knowledge management is effectively managing organization-wide collaboration. Use of appropriate technology and applications such as a virtual private networks; VoIP, e-mail, social networking websites such as Face Book, and even company-sponsored blogs can facilitate communication between an organization and its stakeholders, and help in different types of internal and external collaborative processes. An example of a tool that can be used in cross-boundaries collaboration might be an easily accessible online database that provides a central source of information to employees, customers, or suppliers.

Managing in the 21st Century

In the 21st Century change is the norm rather than the exception and leaders must be able to embrace it. They need to be able to develop:

A vision, and be able to communicate it to their organizations An orientation to serving An entrepreneurial mind-set A commitment to continuous innovation A global mindset Ease and confidence with technology Know-how in systems thinking (a broad view of the inter-relationship of an organization's parts, rather than a narrow view that is focused on one part or event.) A sense of ethics and appreciation of spirituality in the workplace A commitment to continuous learning, personal and professional development

In order to respond effectively to the four major forces creating change in today's global economy leaders must be willing to embrace change; they must be curious and appreciative of the richness and diversity of other cultures. The must be trust-worthy and flexible; and they must have very strong time management, communication, conflict-management, problem-solving and people-skills in order to effectively manage these drivers of change.

References

David, Fred R. (2009). Strategic Management, Concepts and Cases, 11th ed. (p. 291). New Jersey: Pearson Prentiss Hall.

Ruth M. Tappin

© 2009

Four Major Forces Creating Change in Organizations Today - Skills That Leaders Need
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

watch mobile phone Discounted Genuine Gm Parts 20793342 Driver Side Front Low Price Mmf Industries Tamper Evident Cash Bags

What's the Difference Between a Negotiation, Arbitration, and Mediation?

Negotiation. Involves two or more parties who are engaged in direct discussions with each other in a concerted effort of reaching an agreement. Both parties use persuasion and influence to get the other party to see things their way.

Example:

 A buyer and a salesman are negotiating a price for a car.

What's the Difference Between a Negotiation, Arbitration, and Mediation?

 A wife is negotiating with her husband over use of finances.

 A president is negotiating with another country's leader to remove missile silos that threaten the security of the nation.

Arbitration. This is a form of resolving conflict that is handled outside of court where both parties come before a neutral third-party. The neutral third-party is usually a lawyer and the arbitrator listens to both sides and then passes judgment on a winner and a loser in much the same way as a judge does.

Example:

 Two employees are having issues with each other. They take these issues to the boss. The boss hears both sides and then decides to fire one of the employees.

 Two siblings are having a fight and the mother gets involved. The mother hears what they have to say, and of course both siblings are pointing fingers at the other side. The mother decides to ground them both.

Mediation. Similar to negotiation, but mediation involves the use of a neutral third-party who assists the negotiating parties in reaching an agreement. Mediation is used typically when direct negotiations have failed because the mediator can separate the people from the problem much easier than the stakeholders can.

Example

 A buyer purchases a used car from a seller. The car breaks down soon after. The buyer demands his money back. The seller accuses the buyer of damaging the car himself. Instead of dealing with the matter in court, which can be both costly and time-consuming for both parties, they instead agree to hire a mediator and work out their situation out of court.

 A couple decide to get a divorce, but argue over who gets what. Instead of waging legal war against each other, they decide to work out their agreement with a divorce mediator. The mediator uncovers what the needs and interests are for both the husband and wife as well as separating the emotions from the problems at hand.

 Two nations, on the verge of war after failed negotiations, agree to peace-talks. Neither side trusts the other side, so they ask for the help of a neutral representative to act as mediator for their talks. Through the mediator, both stake-holding countries are able to work out an agreement and avoid war.

© Copyright 2006 by Tristan Loo. All rights reserved.

What's the Difference Between a Negotiation, Arbitration, and Mediation?
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

For over 10 years, Tristan Loo has inspired, motivated, and brought success to the lives of the people he’s touched. Successful in his own right, Tristan has competed athletically against Olympians as a world-class gymnast, saved lives as a police officer, authored numerous Personal Development and Interpersonal Communication books and articles, and is a highly sought-after Personal Development Coach. Tristan is the founder of the Synergy Institute, a San Diego based Personal Development Firm. His philosophy of passionate living and helping others fulfill their dreams has continually been the driving force that has placed him well above the industry standard. Visit Tristan's website at http://www.synergyinstituteonline.com or by email at info@synergyinstituteonline.com

cell phone watches Cheap Whatman Polycap Tf 150 Ptfe Capsule Filter

Tips On Successful Negotiation In Business

One of the first tips to business negotiation is to make sure your timing is perfect. You want to make sure that what you propose is done when things are at the perfect moment, when the exigence of your proposal is most needed. For example, if you work for a wine company and wish to relaunch a new variety of wine, you want to wait until the market is ready for it. Choosing a time when the economy has taken a hit would be the best time to make a new proposal for launching a cheaper brand of wine because the consumers would be less likely to pay for high scale products. Thus, choosing a time when the economy, when the factors are set up right will really help you achieve a great negotiation.

Another important aspect is to make sure that you have complete control of your emotions and feelings. You need to make sure that you have your ideas presented in a way that is not over the top of wildly emotional, because surely that will help you achieve a cool headed and calm kind of attitude as you present your ideas. You will then be regarded as an individual who has a good idea of what he or she wants and your ideas will not come across as overly biased or self serving.

Another good tip is to make sure you appeal to a general audience. Do not let it appear that your ideas will only benefit you or your particular party, but emphasize how this will benefit your opposition as well as the entire company and maybe even the community on a grander scale, as well. This way you will reach mass appeal for your idea and the negotiations will have a better life span and chance of survival.

Tips On Successful Negotiation In Business

You want to make sure that you are open minded, too. Do not go in with the attitude of a bully who must have what he or she wants instantly, you want to make sure that you have your main points ready and be sure that there are aspects that you will be able to part with, because the art of negotiation is all in the spirit of compromise. You will have to agree on some terms you might not like and that way you will pave the way to get the things that are most important to you.

Finally, make sure that you use a logical and well constructed argument when negotiating your ideas and perspective because then the other person will be able to follow you better and will have a better idea of where you stand. This might help if you create a drafted proposal or a kind of guide book so that the people will understand where you stand. No matter what, be sure that you are polite in your arguments and foresee the point of view that the other party will have. This makes for an even stronger argument, because you will have addressed issues before they were placed before you. Furthermore, you will be respectful of their ideas.

Tips On Successful Negotiation In Business
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

Roberto Sedycias works as an IT consultant for PoloMercantil

watch mobile phone Hot Deals Tektronix Power Supply 18V 5A 90W

Three Negotiation Techniques

Add the following three negotiation techniques your arsenal.

Win-Win Solutions

When negotiating, always look for win-win solutions, and present them as such. When I was selling real estate, it was common for sellers to think that buyers wanted the lowest price they could get. The sellers often wanted the highest price, but buyers usually wanted an easy transaction, lower costs and lower payments. A seller that gives these things can get a higher price and both sides will win.

Three Negotiation Techniques

If you need to get the garage cleaned, and your son wants a new watch, you have the makings of a win-win negotiation. You might tell him, "Look, you want that watch, and I want a clean garage. Let's both get what we want okay? Clean it up today and we'll get your watch. How's that sound?"

The key to good win-win solutions in your negotiations is to find non-conflicting needs or wants. Notice how some conservation groups negotiate to stop private land development. They want the land left wild, and the owners want to get some value out of the land and still be able to use the house, ranch, etc. So the groups buy a "conservation easement," preventing development, but leaving the title with the current owners. Both sides win.

Exclude Competition

If you could exclude competition in any negotiation, you'll have a better chance of getting what you want, right? How do you do that? Start by never mentioning competition to the other side. It's possible they don't know all their options, and it's not your job to enlighten them.
At the negotiating table, be ready to confront the competition head-on, when the other side brings it up.

In the carpet cleaning business for example, an owner could politely dismiss the competition when it is brought up. He could say something like, "They're okay, if price is all that's important to you. Of course, they can't clean as deep with their machines. If you want the deepest cleaning and at a temperature that kills dust mites and other things in the carpet, you have to have a machine like ours, and fully trained technicians."

Extreme Initial Positions

Everyone knows this technique, but most are afraid to use it. A real estate investor I was talking to the other day told me,"If you aren't embarrassed by your offer, it isn't low enough." He's made millions in real estate, so I think he's worth listening to.

Many years ago I sold a car. A nice guy, after crawling under and inside the car, offered me half of what I was asking. I said no, and he left his phone number, in case I changed my mind. As he drove away, I wondered what was wrong with the car, and I was suddenly hoping I could get just a bit more than that half-price offer. My expectations had been altered quickly. Fortunately another person gave me the full asking price before I decided to pick up that phone.

There are dozens of good negotiation techniques that you can profitably use. Why not start by practicing these three?

Three Negotiation Techniques
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

Copyright Steve Gillman. For more Negotiation Techniques, and other useful insider information, visit: http://www.99reports.com/negotiation-skills.html

cell phone watches Cheap Dispenser Kit For Liquid Detergent

How to Buy and Sell Things For Profit - Seven Ways

There are basically seven ways to buy and sell things for profit.

If you make a living you already buy and sell things. You can buy and sell services which is called work, or you can buy and sell property. Most of us are better at buying than we are selling. By that I mean we manage to buy more in dollars than we make. It doesn't have to be that way.

If we learn to buy well, then we can not only get more with the money we have, but we can make a very good living buying and selling. If we buy right, the property will almost sell itself. We intuitively know the seven ways to buy and sell things, but it helps to have a clear vision in your mind in order to develop the skill to buy better and sell better.

How to Buy and Sell Things For Profit - Seven Ways

Many people made fortunes in the last decade buying and selling real estate. These seven ways to buy and sell property are very familiar to the real estate flippers, but the same basic ways can be used for buying and selling any type of property. eBay is bigger than Donald Trump.

1. Buy Low, Sell High

The first and simplest way to make money buying and selling is to find an item in demand, negotiate a low price, buy it, and then sell it for a higher price. In addition to good negotiation skills, you have to develop a good eye to make this work. You also have to be careful your expenses during the acquisition process don't eat up any potential profit.

With this method, you want to buy only excellent quality items that are ready to sell as is. You'll want to find a motivated seller-one who wants to get rid of the property more than he wants to make money. It is also necessary to acquire the property at a significantly low price to be able to add your expenses in and still sell below market. Selling below market is the best way to sell quickly. If you depend on your selling skills to make the deals, you don't need to bother with the investment. You can just get a job as a salesman-work.

2. Buy it, Fix it, Sell it

The second way to make money buying and selling is to look for property that is broken, dirty, ugly, or in need of a missing part or repair. This is a great way to find a motivated seller and a good price. The owners of this kind of property would rather have a new one. If they were inclined to fix it, they'd have done so already. Know your market; know your costs. Allow a generous profit to cover your repairs, acquisition expenses, and potential selling expenses. Negotiate hard and don't be afraid of deadlock. It's your money, so be prepared to walk away from an offer if they won't meet the price you need. Sometimes all you need to do to get a property in pristine condition is to clean it.

3. Buy it, Rent it

A third way to make money over a longer period of time it is to buy and rent it out. Just about anything can be rented to others-tools, cars, camping equipment, boats, motorhomes, and of course, residential homes. An alternate to this same method is to invest in special equipment, use it and then sell the service the equipment provides. All of these ways are good ways to make money, but though they are buy and sell strategies beginning to end, in the interim, they are ongoing businesses-more work.

4. Buy for cash, sell on time

A fourth method is not so effective for inexpensive items, but boats, cars, trucks, and even big screen televisions can be bought at bargains with cash and then resold on terms with interest. People are often willing to pay very high prices if they can get it now and pay later.

Some people make unbelievable profits buying mobile homes for a few thousand and financing over time for tens of thousands. Often before the buyers have finished paying the notes, their financial status has improved enough that they can buy higher end property with conventional finance. When this happens, it is common to get the item back after it has nearly been paid for. Some mobile home resellers have sold and resold certain properties four or five times. Each time they nearly double their investment with the original down payment then collect the payments over time plus interest.

5. Buy and sell wholesale

If you have the ability to purchase in quantity and move quickly, you can locate sources that will bring you deals in bulk at prices so low you can sell wholesale and still make money. You can even buy homes in quantity and sell them to others for resale. Once you spread your name around, this can be very lucrative and happen very quickly.

6. Buy on speculation and sell on demand

When the market is hot, it is possible to buy when the item is first introduced at a lower price than what will be charged later. If you can spot these trends, you can make good money buying when first offered and selling after the item is sold out. In certain real estate markets you can order a new home before it is built and count on the price to go up after the neighborhood fills in. This is dangerous, but some people have made really good money doing just this.

7. Buy for others, sell back with fee added

Sometimes people do not want to do their own bargaining. Celebrities or people known to be very wealthy often allow scouts to buy for them. Sometimes the price goes up when the buyer is well known or very wealthy. The difference in price can be so great that it becomes profitable for a middle person to buy and resell to his principal for a fee.

There are millions of ways to buy and sell, but these are the basic seven ways to buy and sell. Everything else is some variation or combination of these seven. Buying and selling can be done in rising and falling markets. When the market is deteriorating the buyer has to buy drastically below market and move very rapidly to turn his investments. There is always a risk of losing money in any market. A person engaged in these tactics must be good negotiators on both the buy and the sell, and they must be flexible enough to take the losses quickly when they are inevitable to prevent even larger losses later.

How to Buy and Sell Things For Profit - Seven Ways
Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
Check What Are The Top Cooking Books in Last 90 Days Best Cheap Deal!
Check For Cookbooks Best Sellers 2012 Discount OFFER!
Check for Top 100 Most Popular Books People Are Buying Daily Price Update!
Check For 100 New Release & BestSeller Books For Your Collection

Randy R Cox

If you have buying and selling skills, you can do well in good economies or bad. If you'd like to sharpen your buying and selling skills or share your ideas with us drop by for a visit.

Learn to make money and keep it at http://www.cash153.com

cell phone watches Hot Deals Tektronix Power Supply 18V 5A 90W Discounted Discounted Bronze Finish Lion Fountain Cheap Whatman Polycap Tf 150 Ptfe Capsule Filter